出版时间:2015年04月 |
2013~2014年,我国殡葬事业持续健康发展:一是积极宣传贯彻两办《意见》,及时召开第四次全国殡葬工作会议,营造了党员干部带头、广大群众参与、全社会共同推动殡葬改革的良好氛围。二是继续强化殡葬政策创制,殡葬综合治理能力得到提升。三是切实保障惠民殡葬政策实施落地,范围逐步从困难群众向户籍居民乃至常住人口扩展。四是逐步加大殡葬服务设施设备投资力度,更加注重环保和服务质量。五是较快推动城乡公益性公墓建设,文明治丧、低碳祭扫成为新风尚。六是持续开展殡葬系统行风与人才技能队伍建设,殡葬服务窗口示范作用日益明显。
但殡葬改革回避改革发展中仍存在的一些比较突出的问题,例如,殡葬法治建设滞后,殡葬执法难度加大;殡葬改革遇到瓶颈,体制机制创新不够;殡葬服务设施投资不足,政府公共服务能力难以有效提升;殡葬改革宣传深度不够,殡葬先进文化引领缺失;部分地区片面追求火化率,偏离了殡葬改革方向。
2015年,持续推进殡葬改革仍是我国殡葬事业科学发展的主旋律。强化顶层设计,积极探索系统性、整体性、协同性的殡葬改革;厘清改革思路,积极探索殡葬改革新途径;法治殡葬和德治殡葬相结合,积极探索提升殡葬综合治理效力;发挥社会资本的积极作用,积极探索殡葬领域投融资体制机制;持续深入宣传贯彻两办《意见》和第四次殡葬工作会议精神,积极探索传承和弘扬殡葬先进文化等。
In 2013~2014,the funeral development of china had been achieved sustained and healthy progress:Firstly,with Opinion on the CPC Members and Officials Take the Lead to Promote the Reform of Funeral was actively publicized and implemented,the Fourth National Funeral Conference was timely hold;a favorable environment of funeral reform was constructed with party members and cadres taking the lead,the vast masses and entire society participating. Secondly,funeral policy creation was continued to strengthen,and the comprehensive management capabilities would be enhanced. Thirdly,the benefiting people policy of funeral was steps to ensure ranging from poor people gradually extended to registered permanent residents and the resident population. Fourthly,investments on funeral service facilities and equipments were gradually increased;environmental protection and quality of service were paid more attentions. Fifthly,the construction of urban and rural public welfare cemetery was accelerated;funeral civilization and low-carbon tomb-sweeping had become a new trend. Sixthly,funeral system morals construction and talent team building were ongoing developed;the exemplary role of funeral service window had become increasingly obvious.
However,funeral reforms were social reforms that eliminate undesirable customs and set the fashion for the generation. Funeral reform and development couldn’t be plain sailing. And we couldn’t avoid some of the prominent problems existing in the reform and development,for example:the role of law construction was lagging behind the funeral development result in difficulties of funeral enforcement;funeral reforms encountered lots of bottlenecks,and the innovations of system and mechanism were not enough;the facilities investment of funeral services were underfunded,the government’s public service capacities were difficult to enhance effectively;the depth of propaganda was not enough,and the guiding of advanced funeral culture was obviously lack;some places were one-sided pursuit of cremation rate,it deviated from the purpose of funeral reform.
In 2015,promoting the funeral reform is still the main theme of the current and future period of funeral development. It should be strengthened the top-level design,and actively explore the systematic,holistic,collaborative nature of the funeral reform. It should be clarified the reform ideas,and actively explored new ways to funeral reform. It should be combined the rule of law and virtue in funeral management,and actively explored to enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive management of funeral. It should be played the active role in social capital,and actively explored the institutional mechanisms of investment and financing in funeral industry. It should be continually publicized and implemened Opinion on the CPC Members and Officials Take the Lead to Promote the Reform of Funeral and the spirit of the Fourth National Funeral Conference,and actively explored the heritage and promoting advanced culture of funeral and interment.
根据2012年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国行政强制法》第十三条“法律没有规定行政机关强制执行的,作出行政决定的行政机关应当申请人民法院强制执行”,以及2012年11月9日颁布实施的《国务院关于修改和废止部分行政法规的决定》(国务院令第628号),废止了《殡葬管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)第20条中规定的民政部门对违反殡葬行为可以强制执行的内容,[1]殡葬治理工作出现新变数,也出现了基层殡葬主管部门对违法殡葬行为不敢管、不愿管和管不了的现象,殡葬执法工作遇到了新挑战。2013年12月10日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅发布实施了《关于党员干部带头推动殡葬改革的意见》(以下简称“两办《意见》”),为进一步深化殡葬改革注入了强大动力。2014年3月27日,第四次全国殡葬工作会议(以下简称“四次会议”)在京召开,确定了我国现阶段殡葬工作的总体目标和主要任务,提出了深化殡葬改革的整体部署。全国积极宣传贯彻两办《意见》精神和落实“四次会议”总体要求,进一步推进了殡葬改革,推动了我国殡葬事业更加科学健康发展。
一 2013~2014年殡葬事业发展概况
2013~2014年,是党的十八大及十八届三中、四中会议精神持续推进殡葬改革取得成效的两年,也是持续引领殡葬事业科学健康发展取得较大成就的两年。主要表现在以下六个方面。
(一)两办《意见》的发布和“四次会议”的召开,营造了深化殡葬改革的良好氛围
为充分发挥党员干部在殡葬改革进程中的引领和示范作用,2013年12月,两办出台了《意见》,要求党员干部在殡、葬、祭、宣四个方面带头文明节俭办丧事,树立时代新风尚。该《意见》是继1983年《中共中央办公厅转发民政部党组〈关于共产党员应简办丧事、带头实行火葬的报告〉的通知》和1996年中共中央宣传部、民政部等五部门《关于实行移风易俗进一步改革丧葬习俗的意见》后的又一具有里程碑意义的重要文件,这对广大党员干部来讲,可谓是自觉带头践行殡葬改革的动员令;对全社会来讲,不啻是坚持深化殡葬改革的信号灯;对殡葬工作者来讲,可喻为冬天里的一把火。
2014年3月,民政部在北京召开了“贯彻两办意见推进殡葬改革暨第四次全国殡葬工作会议”,全面总结了第三次全国殡葬工作会议召开17年以来我国殡葬事业的发展情况,要求在新形势下深入推进殡葬改革,必须服从和服务于国家经济社会发展大局,坚持殡葬改革方针,以满足人民群众殡葬服务需求为出发点和落脚点,解放思想,更新观念,破除与时代要求不相适应的体制机制弊端,因地制宜协同推进殡葬改革,加快健全殡葬服务设施,进一步完善惠民殡葬政策,强化殡葬重点事项监管,进一步提高基本殡葬公共服务水平,实现殡葬管理、服务与改革协同共进。
两办《意见》的宣传贯彻和“四次会议”的召开,营造了全国深化殡葬改革的良好氛围。全国各地结合党的群众路线教育实践活动,采取切实有效措施大力推动殡葬改革。2014年11~12月,民政部安排督查组分赴内蒙古、辽宁、江西、河南、重庆、四川、贵州、云南8个省份的16个地市、32个县区,开展了贯彻落实两办《意见》情况的专项督查调研,深入研究解决影响殡葬改革的重点难点问题,并提出了下一步推动殡葬改革的建设性举措。
1.党委、政府高度重视,推动了殡葬改革
一是加大部署落实力度。各地深入贯彻落实两办《意见》、国务院殡葬工作座谈会和“四次会议”精神,采取切实有效措施,全力推进殡葬改革各项工作,在加强和改进殡葬管理服务、引导广大群众积极参与殡葬改革方面取得了新的成效。截至2014年年底,全国有28个省份出台了实施办法。各级党委、政府先后把推进殡葬改革纳入了重要议事日程,并将落实两办《意见》纳入了年度工作重点、职能目标和考核内容,定期进行督办检查,切实解决了一些突出问题。在各地出台贯彻实施意见方面,北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、宁夏等地出台了贯彻两办《意见》的实施意见,系统提出推进殡葬改革的政策措施。在建立殡葬改革工作机制方面,上海、湖南、江西、四川等地首次建立了省级殡葬改革工作联席会议制度;湖南