Abstract：China's rapid economic and social development drives the rapidly increasing oil demand, which promoted the country the second largest oil consumer and importer after the United States since the new millennium. Because of the pressures of being incrementally dependent on oil import and increasingly complex geopolitical environment, the question of how to ensure the petroleum transport channel security has become an imminent task. Currently, the world is suffering from many unrestful intensified international geopolitical events, including Iranian nuclear issue, situations on the Korean Peninsula, and frequent unrest in Syria. In addition, the North and South Sudan conflict, and Nigeria, Libya and other countries in some areas still endure sporadic clashes occurrence. Besides, Indian Ocean piracy is still violently active in South China Sea, and international disputes and other complex geopolitical situations constantly enhance the risk of ocean transportation as still. Oil spills, collisions and other emergencies in international ocean-going oil transportation in recent years led severe challenges to oil supply and oil security to China. Therefore, researches and studies on crisis management in China's petroleum ocean transport are particularly important. And the corresponding establishment of warning mechanism and emergency management system is equally crucial. This paper, thus, elaborates the risks and challenges faced by China's ocean-going oil transportation on the basis of a detailed analysis of the status and trends of the development of China's offshore oil transport. The paper also tried to improve and perfect the dangerous management system for tanker transport and the present index evaluation system, and raised proper policy recommendations in accordance with the above-mentioned events and issues.