“The Belt and Road Initiative” is one of the most important of China’s national strategies proposed by President Xi Jinping in recent years. It contains the following aims based on mutual political trust，economic integration and cultural inclusiveness：to actively develop economic partnership with countries along this belt and road，and to build a community that shares interests，responsibilities，and a future. The implementation and development of “the Belt and Road Initiative” requires involving all possible forces，and with their large population and strong capital overseas Chinese are one of the most important forces. They can play their special roles in political，economic and cultural aspects and push “the Belt and Road Initiative，” helping it to take root in the countries and regions along the Silk Road. Froma political perspective，overseas Chinese can shape a true national image of China，promote positive interaction between China and its neighboring countries，and all while accurately conveying the implication of “the Belt and Road Initiative”. From an economic perspective，they are not only the strongest assisting power in the process of modernization in Southeast Asia and other countries，but continue to bring investment to China and help Chinese enterprises “go out” and accomplish internationalization. From a cultural perspective，they are the great force spreading Chinese culture throughout the world，and they are also the main channel in introducing the brilliant civilizations of Southeast Asia and other countries to China. Meanwhile，cultural exchange networks and cultural communities can be set up through the aid of overseas Chinese. However，because a majority of overseas Chinese have joined the nationalities and become the citizens of their residential countries，they have to take the interests of their country of origin into consideration as well as those of their countries of residence. Therefore，the relations between China and its neighboring countries will also have a huge influence on the roles of overseas Chinese. Therefore，we must reflect on their unique roles in a rational way and not underestimate or overestimate their roles.