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王伟光
    男,汉族,1950年2月出生,山东海阳人。1967年11月参加工作,1972年11月加入中国共产党,博士研究生学... 详情>>
李 扬
    1951年9月出生,籍贯安徽,1981年、1984年、1989年分别于安徽大学、复旦大学、中国人民大学获经济学学... 详情>>
李培林
    男,山东济南人。博士,研究员,中国社会科学院副院长,中国社会学会副会长,中国社会科学院社会学研究所副所长。《社会... 详情>>

    家族企业与外部人力资本吸纳——来自中国民营企业的经验分析

    摘要

    对于我国家族企业独特的排他性的治理结构,学术界褒贬不一,既有批判的结论,也不乏赞扬的声音。然而,批判也好,赞扬也罢,人们通常会认为企业所处的市场环境、法律环境尚不完善使得家族企业难以放弃封闭的治理结构。这种观点没有能够回答为什么在发达的市场经济国家,外部环境相对我国较为完善的情况下,仍然有众多的家族企业采取的是封闭的治理结构。进一步看,即便在我国不同的地区,外部环境的差异也是存在的(例如,经济发达地区和落后地区的法制观念就有着明显的差异)。因此,这种观点未能回答为什么在外部环境存在明显差异的情况下,家族企业的排他性仍然相当普遍。进一步说,它也不能解释为什么在相同的环境下,有的家族企业演变成了现代公司。我们的研究发现,环境对家族企业治理结构的影响是非实质性的。导致家族企业治理结构变化的原因来自他们自身发展的需要,当他们对外部资源需求足够强烈,以致没有外部资源的进入企业就面临危机时,他们就会出让企业的控制权,逐渐向现代企业制度演变。 <<
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    Abstract

    In regards to the distinctive exclusivism of the family firm governance structure in China,the reactions of academic circles differ greatly from criticism to praise. However,whether they agree or disagree,it is generally accepted that the imperfect market environment and legal environment makes it difficult for family firms to give up their closed governance structures. But this viewpoint cannot satisfactorily explain why there are also a large number of family firms with closed governance structures in developed market economies,where the external environment is more favorable than inside China. Furthermore,differences in external environment also exist in different regions in China(for example,economically developed regions and underdeveloped regions have obvious legal system conception differences).Therefore,this viewpoint also does not answer why the exclusivism of family firms is still comparatively widespread in situations with different external environments. Additionally,it does not account for why,in similar situations,some family firms become modern companies.Our research has found that the effect of the external environment on governance structures of family firms is not substantial. The reason for changes in the governance structures of leading family firms lies in their individual needs for development. When their needs for outside resources becomes so strong that their enterprises will face crisis if they don’t absorb such resources,they will release control and begin to transform into modern enterprises.

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    作者简介
    王红领:中国社会科学院经济研究所研究员、清华大学中国与世界研究中心研究员、中国社会科学院研究生院博士生导师,主要研究领域为技术创新、公司治理、低碳经济
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