In recent years，the source region of the Yellow River has been troubled with glacier retreat，stream flow break，lake and wetland shrink，disappearance of the Xinsiuhai lakes，desertification expansion and grassland degradation. In addition，some environment-unfriendly activities have caused the decrease in the population of mice’s natural predators. Rodenticide-proof mice in this region have become even more rampant，accelerating the shrink age and degradation of grassland and disrupting the formation of runoff in this region. Moreover，the destruction of wetland in the middle and lower reaches of the River has directly jeopardized biodiversity and ecological landscape. For decades，emphasis has been put on taming and making use of the Yellow River，while its basic function as an eco-system is neglected，causing serious damage to the health of the River.