Heilongjiang Province is an important industrial base in China，as well as an energy base represented by oil and coal.Energy industry occupies a place of great significance in the sustainable development of Heilongjiang Province.Furthermore，energy exploitation and utilization plays a crucial role in national energy security and the process of sustainable development.How to deal with the relationship between regional economic construction and energy industry development，optimize the structure of energy industry in Heilongjiang Province，and finally make it a key driving force to regional and national sustainable development is a quite realistic issue，and it is also an unprecedented challenge for Heilongjiang Province. Optimizing energy production pattern，improving matching supporting policies，promoting intra-industry restructuring and developing circular economy are important measures for improving the competitiveness of energy industry in Heilongjiang Province.