Heilongjiang Province is a very important grain production base in China，and it is of significance to promote the development of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province.This paper firstly analyzes the overall development situation of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province，showing the accomplishments it has achieved，and then makes the exposition of opportunities and threats which agriculture in Heilongjiang Province is facing.And then the paper indicates advantages and problems agriculture in Heilongjiang Province has，and based on these the paper makes an assessment of the development capability of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province.The paper argues that developing modernized great agriculture is the developing direction of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province.In the final part，the paper figures out the countermeasures for developing modernized great agriculture.