This article, by analyzing the background and process of the reform of the medical security system in Dongguan City, Guangzhou Province, summarizes the achievements made by China in the construction of an integrated urban and rural basic medical security system and, in light of the current problems of unbalanced development of medical services and unreasonable distribution of medical resources between urban and rural areas, and impediments posed by the current laws and policies to the development of medical security system, puts forward suggestions on the fair distribution and rational use of medical resources in China. <<