The Fifth Plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposes to “gradually perfect the basic public service system which is more comprehensive and sustainable，meets the national conditions，covers both urban and rural areas，improve the supportability of the government and promote the equalization of basic public services”.This article aims to implement the central authorities’ Several Viewpoints on building National Public Cultural Service System，and systematically sorts out the historical development trajectory of China’s public cultural construction innovation from theory to practice，basing on the dual perspective of theory to practice，and focuses on the establishment of the theory basis and policy path of the public cultural service system with Chinese characteristics.