The United Nation's World Population Prospects the 2010 revision, prepared by its Population Division has made major adjustments in its population estimates and projections for China, based on a new Bayesian fertility projection model. According to UN's new projection, China's population will peak in 2026 at 1.396 billion, followed by a rapid decline to 1.295 billion by 2050. UN's projection demonstrates that China is moving rapidly to an aging society and China's demographic future will be determined by whether it will be able to raise its fertility in the next few decades. By examining UN's population projections on China and referring to the 2010 Population Census of China, we argue that, while population projection is a valuable tool in understanding demographic dynamics, it should never be used to dictate population policy. Population policy should focus on people, not numbers. <<