There has been a recent structural shift of power in international politics from the Western countries to the emerging countries.Furthermore，territorial disputes over sovereignty have increased and mounting military tensions have occurred in the relations between China and its neighbors. In the field of traditional security，the world’s major military conflicts are internal conflicts in the Middle East，South Asia，and Northeast Africa. In terms of non-traditional security，South Asia and the Middle East are still the hardest hit by terrorism while Yemen and Somalia also face terrorist threats. The 2009 Copenhagen climate change conference concluded with unresolved differences，about which the parties are continuing to negotiate. Cooperation is still the mainstream in international energy politics despite increasing disputes over sovereignty. To address these global issues，regional and international organizations have undertaken institutional reforms to strengthen their governing capacity. Against the backdrop of this new international situation and power structure，China is facing both an opportunity to play a greater role on the world stage and a challenge to settle the disputes by adopting the appropriate policies.