Brazil leads the world in bioenergy development. After ups and downs throughout decades，fuel ethanol and bio-diesel oil have been basically universalized in the biggest country of South America. In view of the promising perspective of these renewable energy resources，many countries，including the US，have proceeded to the research and development of bioenergies. Certainly，Brazil’s experience is of special importance for China. However，the dark side of Brazil’s achievement in this regard，ranging from air pollution，the degrading Amazon forest to the one-sided urban economy，shall not be neglected. Considering differences in national conditions，the bioenergy production model of Brazil may not be proper for China to spread across the country.