Relying on the data from the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the paper presents the following conclusions: ①regarding the percentage of households with members of 65 years and over among the overall households, the rate in rural villages is higher than that in townships, which is in turn higher than that in urban areas; ②among the elderly population, the percentage of empty nest family rises about 9% from 2000 to 2010.When population migration becomes more and more common, accompanied with the emergence of aging society, the rate will keep increasing; ③with the increase of age, the health condition of the elderly becomes deteriorated; and within each age group, the health condition of females is worse than their male counterpart; ④the health condition of people who have spouses are in a better shape than those who do not have spouses; ⑤when the elderly cannot take care of themselves, the elderly primarily rely on family members for basic livelihood; and this situation is more significant among females than it is among their male counterpart; further, the function of old-age insurance system needs to be strengthened. <<