This chapter reviewed the measures and the achievements of the taxation reform process since the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth CPC Central Committee in China. According to the target mode of Chinese economic system reform, with the protection of the rule of taxation law, supposed minimum target to achieve the revenue and income stability, the highest goal of taxation reform is sustainable development of the national economy, social equity and environment beautiful, give full play to functions of resource allocation, income distribution, macroeconomic regulation and control of the taxation, and proposed the ideas and countermeasures of the tax burden of the taxation system, taxation structure and other issues in the reform of the taxation regulation, too. <<