Both the world hegemony and the regional powers seriously impact on Syrian security.After all，the crisis in Syria is the game between the United States and Russia，the United States and Russia are the protagonists in the United Nations conference，Geneva conference and the G8 summit.The United States and the European Union implement neo-interventionism in Syria，which caused security dilemma in Syria and the Middle East.Neo-interventionism that United States and Europe pursued becomes a major threat to Syrian security.Turkey and Israel also constitute security threat and challenge because they get involved in affairs in Syria and the Middle East.Syria faces not only national security challenge of the world hegemony，but also provocation of regional powers，thus the security environment is extremely difficult.China and Russia are powers that maintain the security of Syria and the Middle East，their actions prevented largely the West from imposing forces against Syria.