This major objective of the paper is to critically examine how the Chinese government has made attempts to transform its social policy and social service delivery in the last two decades，especially when the present leadership has realized the importance of balancing the rapid economic growth and social development and human well-being. The paper begins by examining how transformations have taken place in social policy and social welfare sector when the central government has called for “scientific model of development” in promoting social harmony. This paper has chosen a few social policy areas to illustrate policy changes in social protection，discussing also policy implications when policy paradigm seems to emerge in managing social change and social cohesion in the mainland.