>The working class was an important group of stakeholders in the socialist transformation，and studying its mentality has important significance toward our understanding of socialist transformation. This paper reveals the complex mentality of working class in the socialist transformation and explores the dominant factors that affected the workers’ mentality change based on the archives material of Guangzhou. The author argues that the construction and shaping of the working class consciousness by the state was the key factor that made the workers’ ideology change dramatically. The superiority of class status and the real interests of the gains or losses were the main variables affecting the workers’ state of mind.