The railway industry of China is in the strategic opportunity time of great-leap-forward development. Under the pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction，the strength of railway transportation has become more and more obvious，such as low cost，low pollution，safe and high efficiency. With the support of government policies，the economic stimulating measures and the rising of external and internal demands，the investment in railway climbs up dramatically，and the construction of railway speeds up. Meanwhile，relying on the enhancement of independent innovation，the rail equipment market has remained strong，and the expansion of overseas market is being anticipated. Currently，the railway transportation market has showed monopoly competition pattern，so the significant development direction is high-speed of passenger transport and heavy-load of freight. Looking forward to the future，China will accelerate the reform of railway management system，gradually perfect the market environment，broaden the financing channels，ease the bottleneck of capacity，and promote the multi-service capability comprehensively.