As China rapid economic development，the railway transportation gradually turns into a constraint to the sound and rapid growth.In recent years，the high speed rail has gained considerable achievements，which has provided the important safeguard to economic development and the living standards improvement.However，many problems also begin to emerge.Especially，it exerts powerful impact on civil aviation and highway，which urges the pattern transformation of China’s transportation.After reviewing the world’s development history and current situation of high speed rail，this report analyzes the trend of China’s high speed rail.Based on it，we evaluate the current running situations，its further influence and the existing problems.Finally，we propose the policy suggestion on how to optimize the development of high speed rail.