Transportation industry is one of the main areas which should take the primary responsibility of energy saving and emission reduction during the Twelfth Five-Year period.Currently，the statistics system of energy consumption and emission in transportation area is imperfect，and the problem of data missing is serious.So，it is very hard to allocate duty by the index of energy consumption per GDP.In addition，the structural contradictions are actue in transportation industry.For instance，the inland river ports fail to take the comparative advantage.Besides，the improvement of resource utilization efficiency is restricted by the lagging rail freight capacity.Therefore，during the Twelfth Five-Year period，China should accelerate the construction of three basic transportation system，and build the permanent mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction.The first one is to construct and perfect the statistics system of energy consumption on different transport ways；the second one is to adopt the real transported goods as the evaluation index of energy saving and emission reduction；the third one is to scientifically layout the transportation，and build the intelligent transportation system.At last，the efficiency of transportation system will be greatly enhanced by intelligent control，cooperation between vehicle and road，increasing the utilization ratio of existing transport facilities.