“Comprehensive national power” refers to the sum of all the strength and resources that a country possesses for survival and development or that can be mobilized to achieve its strategic objectives. Seven western countries（the United States，Japan，France，Germany，Britain，Canada，and Italy）and the “BRIC”（China，Russia，India，and Brazil）are assessed in this study. The Evaluation Index includes five direct constituent elements：territory and natural resources，population，economy，military，and science and technology；and four other factors that also have an impact on comprehensive national power，namely，social development，sustainability，security and domestic politics，and international contributions. The report argues that the national power assessment has a meaningful strategic reference value；nevertheless，the overall rankings should be evaluated with caution. Due to objective data limitations and subjective constraints in the design of the index，the calculations in effect are the product of the selection of specific elements and methods. Therefore，although the rankings have an objective basis，they cannot be regarded as an objective portrayal of comparisons of national power.