For over sixty years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，the city social security system has experienced a lot of changes，accompanied by the transition from the planned economy to the market economy structure. In different stages，the responsibilities of state，market and society have changed at the same time. In the planned economy period，Government bore the main responsibility of social security. In the early stage of transition，Government dissociated from social security business replaced by market principle. From the late 1990’s till now，Government reverted to the role it should undertake，moreover，social forces gradually involved in social security affairs. In order to construct the city social security system suitable for Chinese situations，we should map out the roles and relationships among state，market and society. Only through the arrangement of a comprehensive system，including the optimizing of family responsibility，exploring of market principle，improving of government management and mobilizing of social anticipation，we could build a multiple governance pattern，which can develop the strong points and avoid the weak points. Thus，it will guarantee a stable economic and social order required for the sustainable development of China in the future.