In recent years,a series of terrible heavy metals pollution incidents have occurred in China,which threatening human health and causing widespread concern in society. Take Pb as the example,the 30 incidents happened in China are mainly caused by the illegal discharge of waste gases from non-ferrous metals smelters and lead battery plant,and the people didn't move into the Health Protection Zone. Due to the characteristics of low-concentration and long-term accumulation of lead,blood lead is the useful marker to diagnosis the lead exposure and lead poisoning when adverse reactions and clinical manifestations were not obvious. China has emitted about 20 tons of lead into the atmosphere in the 20-year period from 1990 to 2009. Coal combustion and non-ferrous smelting are the largest two emission sources. Shandong,Hebei,Shanxi,Henan and Jiangsu province are the regions with largest emissions. Based on the feature of lead emission and health,this paper proposed that,to establish an biomarker-based warning mechanism of environmental health risk is the key point of environmental health risk assessment and management in our country. <<