China’s economic growth in the last sixty years has a lot to do with its relatively equal social structure. In the planning era，an equal society enabled the government to establish industrial capacities with various means including extracting from the countryside and suppressing wage rates in the city. In addition，the government promoted primary education and raised people’s health. These achievements laid a solid foundation for future economic growth. With this foundation and market-oriented economic reform and policies，China has been able to achieve high economic growth in the next thirty years. However，we still need a theory to explain why the government adopted growth-friendly policies. The theory developed in this chapter indicates that our Chinese government has been a disinterested government，that is to say，a government that is independent of social groups. Because China does not have strong social groups that can capture the government，the government can ignore the interests of specific social groups and adopt growth-enhancing policies.