The past 60 years that China experienced has witnessed a continuous transformation of health system. Against the special backdrop of dramatic economic reform and social transition with Chinese characteristics，the road of healthcare reform in China has been inevitably marked by Chinese signatures. This chapter divides the 60 years transformation of healthcare reform into three historical phases according to their underlining features，and analyzes the phases respectively. This chapter examines the environment that shapes health system of the three phases，summarizes the respective achievements and cons，and reveals the development road and pattern transition of health system in China. This chapter ends with a discussion of the new healthcare reform plan and its prospect.