One of the fundamental issues of China’s revolution was on the national bourgeoisie. The understanding and treatment of the national bourgeoisie is one important component of the political line of the Chinese Communist Party，and is a sign that shows the CPC’s ripe or not on politics. There are cartloads and housefuls of books on the peasant question，while the literature on capitalism and the bourgeoisie is insufficient limited by theory and practice. This chapter describes the CPC’s policy changes in non-public sector of the economy，concludes the Party’s experience on recognizing and handling capitalism and non-public ownership，discusses the CPC’s knowledge of capitalism and the bourgeoisie and policy changes，and proposes experience for reference for private sector economy and foreign-capital economy in the new period.