By studying a lot of data and materials，the author gives a detailed description of the people’s livelihood issues in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone（“seven cities and one area”），including the population，the development of science，the technology and education，the culture，the sanitation and medical status and the employment and social security. One result of horizontal comparison among various regions presents that the development of livelihood projects in the zone is unbalanced and relatively backward vis-a-vis the eastern region at the same time. Through analysis of the status quo，the author emphasizes that，at present，the livelihood development is critical for the zone’s economy and even the frame of regional economy in our nation.