This chapter at first reviews the 30 years reform of health care and medical system as well as the medical reform and major historic events，documents and measures in this process，which on one hand illustrates the process of furthering understanding of and exploring into medical and health care and on the other hand depicts the historic movement of health reform with Chinese characteristics. Then this chapter briefly summarizes the accomplishments achieved and highlights systematical deficiencies and fallacies of the preceding reform in terms of four domains including “Public Health”，“Medical Services”，“Pharmaceutical Manufacture and Circulation” and “Medical Security”. At last，the basic experience in reform of health care and medical system is concluded from the perspective of macro system construction. It is pointed out that the essence of reform of health care and medical system is how to construct related institution and policy system according to the special rule of medical and health care in market economy. At last，the pivots and main thoughts of the reform in future are pointed out.