China’s reform of education since reform and opening-up can be divided into 4 periods：1977-1984，the period of setting things in order to restore and consolidate；1985-1989，the period of all-round reform of education system；mid-1990s to 2003，the period of economism in educational development；since 2003，the Scientific Outlook on Development is implemented and equitability in education is promoted. As emancipation of mind in late 1970s wasn’t carried out deeply in education，the re-construction of education was in fact a return to that in the planned system of 1950s. Reform of education with institutional reform as its core in 1980s scored some results. Since 1990s，great achievement has been made in educational development，however，the stagnation in institutional reform resulted in the revival of official rank standard and administrative values，and education has followed the track of so-called “industrialization of education”. Education in China sets orientation to the future，it needs to further emancipate the mind，promotes reform and opening-up，and pushes forward educational reform centering on institutional reform.