The year 2013 saw Afganistan’s process of domestic peace and reconciliation go slow. The 2014 presidential election and the pronvincial parlianment elections and relevant work have proceeded as planned with lists of candidates released one after another. As for security，the Afgan government has comprehensively taken over defense affairs，and the Afgan national security force has undertaken the security responsibility within its entire border，with the NATO accelerating its military withdrawal and transform its function. Against such a backdrop，2013 witnessed the situation of the Afgan domestic security tend to deteriorate. While confronted with enormous security challenges，the Afgan government withstood pressure from slowness of its economic development，and lack of its maintainability. As for diplomacy，the Afgan and US relations intensified，the Afgan and Parkistani relations improved，and the Afgan and Chinese relations continued to develop in an in-depth way. After becoming a SCO non-member observer state，Afganistan got onto the fast track of the Afgan and SCO relations.