All Central Asian countries experienced large scale population movement after they gained independence，which included return of non-dominant ethnic groups to their historical motherlands，the migration of farming population to cities，and return of fellow ethnic people from other regions to their Central Asian homeland. In recent years，new features appeared in the population movement in Central Asian countries，every year tens of thousands of people move to economically more vibrant Russia and Kazakhstan from Uzbekistan，Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to work，and for some to seek residence. Large sums of money are remitted back to their home countries. The increase in migrant labor also led to the lowering level of urbanization in some countries. But from the annually published demographic statistics data，populations of Central Asian countries are growing steadily despite the fact that large numbers of people are moving out. This is related to the big proportion of young people in the populations and the high rates of birth in indigenous ethnic groups. Generally speaking，the main features of population in Central Asian countries are sustainable growth and large numbers of transnational labor migration.