An outstanding feature of China’s foreign policy in 2013 was the prominence given to the strategic importance of its neighbourhood diplomacy，which was a result of a series of changes in international and regional situation. This paper tries to analyse the new features of China’s neighbourhood diplomacy and related background，including its new altitude，new ideas，new initiatives and new pattern. Central Asian countries have been an important component in China’s neighbouring countries，and they are among those countries who have kept best relations with China. The new features in China’s neighbourhood diplomacy will be conducive to the further improvement of China’s relations with Central Asian countries. The successful visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Central Asian countries，and the visit by Tajik President to China in 2013 became an important chapter in the history of China’s neighbourhood diplomacy. The initiative of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” is a major strategic idea put forward by China，which can be seen as an extension of China’s neighbourhood diplomacy. Central Asian countries can play important role in the implementation of this strategic initiative. Although China and Central Asian countries maintain good relations，some problems do exist. It is believed that through mutual efforts and cooperation，the future relations will be further improved.