Central Asia is rich in oil and natural gas. China’s cooperation with Central Asian countries in oil and natural gas has seen smooth progress and is expanding rapidly. At the same time，the cooperation is confronted with four kinds of risks，including rising competition，increasing conflicts among Central Asian countries，tightening energy policy of regional countries，and heavy burden of taxation. At present，cooperation between China and Central Asian countries are mainly in the fields of exploration and development，and pipeline transportation. In the future，the two sides will surely carry out more cooperation in other fields such as oil and gas trade as well as investment in downstream industries.