Based on the survey towards 507 residents in Heilongjiang reclamation area，this study roughly presents the general situation of the sense of social fairness among the residents in this area，tries to discuss the individual and social influencing factors，and analyzes how social comparison and social identity work in the formation of the sense of fairness. The results show that：the residents’ sense of social fairness is medium，and their sense of procedural fairness is relatively low；females’ sense of interactional justice is higher than males’；the more highly the person is educated，the lower sense of social fairness he usually has，except that those who have bachelor degree have the highest score on the sense of social fairness in every aspect；the residents possess intensive justice motive，and the justice motive and the sense of social fairness correlate significantly；generally，people choose their friends，colleagues，classmates，brothers and sisters，and neighbors as referents，to estimate the level of their own income，their health condition，the happiness of their family and the achievements of their children. The results of the social comparison correlate significantly with the sense of social fairness. The more deeply the person identify with the reclamation area and the company of the reclamation area，the more likely he will have a strong sense of social fairness.