The main causes of terrorism in the Middle East has three ways，Arab-Israeli conflict，contradictions among Arab countries，the American hegemony in the process of anti-terrorism policy in the Middle East. In the 21st century，terrorism in the Middle East show some new characteristics：forces of terrorist is increasing，form of terrorist attack is diversification，space of terrorist activities expand to the world of network，the threat of lone-wolf terrorism is becoming more and more serious. Now，the development of terrorism in the Middle East has some important influence to regional security：personal security，national political security and foreign security in the Middle East. The Middle East has conducted a long-term struggle against terrorism，however，the US-led western countries in the Middle East for counter-terrorism strategy did not succeed，the future of anti-terrorism in the Middle East shall pay more attention to the main causes of terrorism，reasonable solve people’s realistic demands in Middle East.