By the end of 2012，the first stage of China’s new health care reform has come to an end，which presents an unbalanced situation. Targeted towards universal health care reform moves on steadily，however，the medical services system reform is struggling，especially the reform of public hospitals，with more difficulty. Health care reform has made substantial progress in expanding population coverage，but in the aspect of improving the level of medical care still needs to pay greater efforts. Another key point of health care reform is to vigorously promote the reform of payment system，and establish a market mechanism of medical insurance group purchase of medical services，namely “public contract model”. Compared with the health care reform obtained a certain progress，the reform of the medical service system basically lacks of progress. Grassroots medical institutions，especially the community health service agencies，are on the way of re-administrativization，government investment and government control increase，but its services and service efficiency doesn’t improve. At the same time，the development of private hospitals is slow，and the reform of public hospitals swings between de-administrativization and re-administrativization，the model of medical organization with various forms is always unable to build. After finished the first stage，there is still a lot of work to do about China’s new health care reform in three aspects involving “ensure basic services”，“improving such services at the gross-roots level” and “establishing the effective mechanisms”. The most serious challenge is to establish a market mechanism of medical insurance purchase of health care service as soon as possible，and make the market mechanism play a decisive role in determining the configuration of the medical resources and leading the operation of the medical institutions.