One of significant social problems of China’s urbanization is how to reform the Hukou registration system when peasant workers migrate to large metropolitan areas. This report is based on a large scale survey in 13 cities among 7 provinces，and the interviewees are mainly peasant workers in formal economic sector. The survey collected data including basic demographic information，employment situation，city identity recognition and intent of Hukou transformation from agricultural Hukou to non-agricultural Hukou. The data demonstrate that，in general，the employment situation of peasant workers is not so optimistic，and most of peasant workers do not acknowledge their citizenship of the city they are employed. And most of them do not have strong intention to transform their agricultural Hukou to non-agricultural Hukou. According to these problems，the report suggests that peasant workers’ rights should be protected with better salary and full coverage of labor contract. Only through this way，the inconsistency between low rate of Hukou transformation and urbanization process will be resolved.