As a hot issue that has affected the international community for a long time，nuclear security has always played a dominant role. Since the Cold War，the complex situation in global nuclear security has highlighted the importance and urgency of constructing a global nuclear security system. This article begins with the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit，reviews the positive results of previous summits，analyzes current challenges and the serious situation in global nuclear security，and looks into the current situation of the IAEA and other global nuclear security governance arrangements. The article focuses on the innovation and importance of China’s “nuclear security concept” and discusses the problems in implementing the work plan of the Nuclear Security Summit and in strengthening international bilateral and multilateral cooperation. It also explores ways to establish an effective universal global nuclear security system.