In today China，the residents have to face more financial pressure to “see doctor”，which is called one of “New Three Big Mountains”. In recent years，therefore，to alleviate the pressure，the ongoing “New Medical and Health Care Reform” of China is becoming the focus of social attention. In this article，the main aspects and highlights of the new reform plan will be introduced as emphasis，while，the construction of the guaranteed basic medical care system，the national basic drug system，community medical service system，the basic public health service，the public hospital reform，etc. for urban residents，will be analyzed in detail.