By investigating the old city zone of Guangzhou Yuexiu District，results of data analysis about social basic information，residents satisfaction，residents social demand and gratification show that there appear some new problems in the cause of people’s livelihood，social order，social services and management，and so on. When the quality of the residents life gradually improve，the cause of people’s livelihood，social undertakings and public service are becoming more and more difficult to meet the new demand，which leads to “growing pains” phenomenon growth. The social order is also facing new challenges and difficult to meet the new needs of the society，which leads to “development dilemma” phenomenon growth. So，in the social development process，when the residents demand is continuously updated and improved，and the social psychology and interpersonal relationship are developing and changing，only through innovating social governance system and enhancing the ability of social governance continuously can it meet the requirements of the social practice development.