An investigation on current development situation of school-age children was conducted based on four dimensions：student physical health，teachers’ evaluation of psychological health on students，student learning conditions in school，and school education resources distribution. The investigation compared elementary schools in provincial capitals with those in poor counties；it also further comprehensively compared elementary schools in capital cities with those in townships，villages and teaching spots. It was found that unhealthy life habits and nutrient absorb were two most hidden concerns for poor areas school-age children’s physical health. The psychological health problems for school-age children in township central elementary schools were most serious. The school-age children in poor areas village elementary schools and teaching spots had insufficient basic boarding conditions，and their education resources access was far less than the township central elementary schools.