The main purpose of social legislation is to ensure social fairness. Since the implementation of Chinese reform and opening policies，social legislation in Anhui has made great achievements. But the social legislation of Anhui Province is still in a weak position in local legislation system. There are a series of imbalances between city and village，different regions and different areas in the social legislation of Anhui Province. The social legislation of Anhui Province is mainly limited to the protection of traditional disadvantaged groups，ignoring the problems of migrant workers，land-losing farmers，empty-nesters in countryside and left-behind children caused by urbanization and industrialization，and the elderly who have lost their children because of one-child policy. The concrete implementation of the social legislation of Anhui province also has the problems of operability and innovation. There are also reasons of legislative procedure for the imperfections of the social legislation in Anhui province. Focusing on the above problems，the article also offers some relevant legislative suggestion.