Human Rights dates back to ancient times. In China，it survived many upheavals and proceeds rapidly in recent years. This research explores reasonable assessment and objective evaluation of the existing Human Rights consciousness in China，applying stratified sampling method in the main forms of questionnaire survey，interview record，and simulation-based assessment. Currently，Human Rights in China bear many features：shortage in the basics of Human Rights，intense conflict between public power and private rights，common occurrence of discrimination，enhancement of the disadvantage group’s awareness to protect Human Rights，and predomination of private relief in Human Right safeguard. Consequently，the preoccupation centers on：reinforcement of education in Human Rights through popularizing the basics，balance between public power and private rights，comprehensive publicity about “equality of Human Rights” to resist discrimination，combination of priority（special protection）and entirety（general protection），and utilization of multiple methods for better Human Rights safeguard.