The petroleum industry has played an important role in Japan’s economy and society. After World War II，Japan implemented government regulations on import，refinement and consumption of oil，to promote the development of the oil industry. In the mid-1980s，the limitation of regulation appeared gradually. Japan began to reform the regulation of the oil industry，ease the administrative guidance and application，and abolish the relevant legal system. These measures promoted the further development of the oil industry，but led to many problems as well.