This paper analyzed the basic coal policy，policy characteristics and the latest changes of three countries which are Australia，South Africa and Indonesia. Australia is the main producing country and exporter with relatively complete and effective coal supervision mechanism，relevant policies，laws and regulations. It can cope with the changes of international coal market neatly. Comparatively，South Africa’s coal policy is looser because the coal enterprises are ran by private sectors. And government is mainly responsible for supervision. Even under such a situation，it still forms a certain system，and can have promoting effect on the development of coal industry. By contrast，Indonesia’s coal policy mainly focuses on the export business. As the domestic demand for coal increases year by year，the policy also begins to restrict and regulate more on coal export.