In this paper，with the advantage of Mental Adaptation subscales from the Adult Mental Health Scale compiled by Deng Li-fang，Zheng Ri-chang（2008），we evaluated Nanhai Homestead Community residents’ Mental adaptation condition. At the same time，we used Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory（NEO-FFI），Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）and Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups（PSSG），to explore the relationship structure between the residents’ mental adaptation and individual level factors（individual personality and stress coping style），organizational level factors（social support），situational factors（stress events）.

Secondly，the data was analyzed and evaluated to investigate and screen mental adaptation disturbed community residents，and provide corresponding psychological interventional measures. Then through semi-structured interview，we described the Nanhai Homestead Community residents’ difficulties and problems during the import process，to explore the psychological process of their identity and sense of community. Based on the research above，we try to propose a system of social psychological work of the “farmers to citizens” communitie，for reference only in further research and practice.