New Caledonia is a special administrative district of France which is situated in South Pacific Region. The native people there is called the Kanak people which seek independence for a long time. Their claim has gain the support from other Melanesia brother countries nearby. In 1998，French government together with the two sides of New Caledonia finalized a political accord on the future status of New Caledonia，in Which it is prescribed that a referendum will be held in 15-20 years，and if 3/5 people choose to be independent，the New Caledonia will gain total independence. Now the referendum will be held in 2018. The pro-independence and anti-independence campaign has continuous arguments on the qualification of citizenship who can vote in the independence referendum. Although the decision of Supreme Court of France supports the pro-independence campaign，the possibility to be independent in 2018 is still comparatively limited. We need to do a basic assessment on the future of it，and make a preparative plan to develop the bilateral relationship between China and New Caledonia accordingly.