In 2012, China made new progress in conducting international human rights cooperation and exchanges. As for international human rights cooperation, this report will mainly introduce multilateral human rights cooperation which includes China's cooperation with UN permanent bodies in human rights field, UN specialized human rights agencies, and international treaty mechanism. As for international human rights exchanges, this report will divide into two levels: official level and non-official level. The official level will focus on bilateral human rights dialogue, mainly introduce five human rights dialogues that China conducted with four countries and one regional organization (EU) in 2012. As for non-official level, the report thinks that the human rights NGOs in China have played very important roles. <<