>This paper explores the relationship between China’s current land tenure system and its effects on labor migration. A theoretical model is built to show both the wealth effect and the substitution effect of landholding and to explore their implications to labor migration，taking into account the fact that migration is a risky endeavor. Three key hypotheses are deducted. Econometric estimations are conducted to test these hypotheses. The most important finding is that egalitarian land distribution resulted from the current land tenure system encourages labor migration. This relationship is robust to several sensitivity tests.