Climate change is one of the most serious environmental issues faced by all countries，which related to economic，social，and international political issues CO2 emission reduction is a must and low carbon economy is on the rise. Increasing carbon sinks become strategic needs. Marine and coastal areas hold the largest active carbon pools in the world. The carbon sequestrated in the ocean and coastal ecosystems are known as the “blue carbon”. Blue carbon is very important for China due to its special geographical conditions. Chinese scientists have established the Pan-China Ocean Carbon Alliance（COCA）and the China Future Ocean Alliance（CFO）and launched the “China Blue Carbon Plan”. The major foci are to 1）investigate the main formation processes of blue carbon and their regulation mechanisms in China offshore and coastal environments；2）assess the current status of blue carbon of coastal zone and develop technology to diminish the emission and increase the sink；3）set up a series of permanent monitoring stations for blue carbon and build up the database；4）construct a set of Marine Environmental Chamber Systems（MECS）for simulated climate experiments at ecosystem level；5）develop Land-Sea-coordination-based blue carbon sequestration technology and conduct demonstration projects；6）set up blue carbon standard system and management system. The outputs of China Blue Carbon Plan will support sustainable development of marine economics，carbon emission trading，the climate negotiations and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road strategy.